Instructions for Authors

The manuscript may contain ABSTRACT, KEYWORDS, INTRODUCTION, MATERIALS AND METHODS, RESULTS, DISCUSSION (or RESULTS AND DISCUSSION), CONCLUSIONS, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, CONFLICT OF INTEREST and REFERENCES, and any other information that the author(s) may consider necessary.

Title should be concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations where possible.

• Authors’ names and affiliations: Please mention full names and author’s affiliation addresses. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation along with their emails.
• Corresponding author: Please mention name of corresponding author and affiliation along with email address.

A structured abstract of 300 words should be prepared with clear sub-sections namely, background, methods, results, and conclusion. Must be self-explanatory, stating the rationale, objective(s), methodology, main results, and conclusions of the study. Abbreviations, if used, must be defined on the first mention in the Abstract as well as in the main text. Abstract of review articles may have a variable format (font size 10; max 250 words).

Keywords: Three to eight keywords, depicting the article (font size 10).

Provide a clear and concise statement of the problem, citing relevant recent literature, and objectives of the investigation.

Begin by describing the problem that you wanted to solve through the piece of research you are writing about. Provide an adequate background. Explain why that problem is important. Next, briefly review what has been done so far to solve the problem. Finally, introduce the study by pointing out what is new about this research as compared to past research. State the objectives of the work.

Provide an adequate account of the procedures or experimental details, including
statistical tests (if any), concisely but sufficient to replicate the study.
This section may be divided by subheadings. It should provide a concise and precise description of the experimental results, their interpretation as well as the experimental conclusions that can be drawn.

The purpose of the Results section is to present the key results of your research. Be clear and concise with the help of appropriate Tables, Figures, and other illustrations. Data should not be repeated in Tables and Figures but must be supported with statistics.

Authors should discuss the results and how they can be interpreted in the perspective of previous studies and of the working hypotheses. The findings and their implications should be discussed in the broadest context possible. Future research directions may also be highlighted.

This section is mandatory. The conclusion is intended to help the reader understand why your research should matter to them after they have finished reading the paper. A conclusion is not merely a summary of the main topics covered or a re-statement of your research problem, but a synthesis of key points and, if applicable, where you recommend new areas for future research. For most essays, one well-developed paragraph is sufficient for a conclusion, although in some cases, a two or three paragraph conclusion may be required (Bunton, 2005).

For research articles with several authors, a short paragraph specifying their individual contributions must be provided.

Please add: “This research received no external funding” or “This research was funded by [name of funder] grant number [xxx]”. Check carefully that the details given are accurate and use the standard spelling of funding agency names at https://search.crossref.org/funding, any errors may affect your future funding.

In this section, the author(s) can acknowledge any support given which is not covered by the author contribution or funding sections. This may include administrative and technical support, or donations in kind (e.g., materials used for experiments) (font size 10).

Declare conflicts of interest or state “The authors declare no conflict of interest.” Authors must identify and declare any personal circumstances or interest that may be perceived as inappropriately influencing the representation or interpretation of reported research results. Any role of the funders in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results must be declared in this section. If there is no role, please state “The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results”.

References must be arranged following American Psychological Association (APA) 6^th Style. We recommend using the references management software, such as EndNote, Reference Manager, Mendeley or Zotero to avoid typing mistakes and duplicated references. Include the digital object identifier (DOI) for all references and list them in the REFERENCES section (font size 10). In-text citation (APA) style.

• Manuscripts must be submitted in Microsoft Word (2007 Version .doc or .docx format); pdf files not acceptable.
• Figures can be submitted in Word format, TIFF, GIF, JPEG, EPS, PPT. Manuscripts, in Times New Roman, 1.15spaced (but use single-space for Tables, long headings, and long captions of tables & figures).
• The text must be typed in a double-column across the paper width.
• The Manuscript sections must be numbered,
  i.e., 1. INTRODUCTION, 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS, and so on... (a) Title of the article (Capitalize initial letter of each main word; font-size 16; bold), max 160 characters (no abbreviations or acronyms), depicting article’s contents; (b) Author’ first name, middle initial, and last name (font size 12, bold), and professional affiliation
  (i.e., each author’s Department, Institution, Mailing address and Email; but no position titles) (font size 12); (c) Indicate the corresponding author with *; (d) Short running title, max 50 characters (font size 10).
  
  
• Headings and Subheadings (font size 11): All flush left
  LEVEL-1: ALL CAPITAL LETTERS; Bold
  Level-2: Capitalize Each Main Word (Except prepositions); Bold
  Level-3: Capitalize each main word (Except prepositions); Bold, Italic
  Level-4: Run-in head; Italics, in the normal paragraph position. Capitalize the initial word only and end in a
  colon (i.e., :)
  
  
• List of REFERENCES must be prepared as under:
  
  1. Journal Articles (Name of journals must be stated in full)
     I. Golding, J. Paulsson, S.M. Zawilski, and E.C. Cox. Real time kinetics of gene activity in individual bacteria. Cell 123: 1025–1036 (2005).
     W. Bialek, and S. Setayeshgar. Cooperative sensitivity and noise in biochemical signaling. Physical Review Letters 100: 258–263 (2008).
     R.K. Robert, and C.R.L.Thompson. Forming patterns in development without morphogen gradients: differentiation and sorting. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology 1(6) (2009).
     D. Fravel. Commercialization and implementation of biocontrol. Annual Reviews of Phytopathology 43: 337359 (2005).
  2. Books
     W.R. Luellen. Fine-Tuning Your Writing. Wise Owl Publishing Company, Madison, WI, USA (2001).
     U. Alon, and D.N. Wegner (Ed.). An Introduction to Systems Biology: Design Principles of Biological Circuits. Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, FL, USA (2006).
  3. Book Chapters
     M.S. Sarnthein, and J.D. Stanford. Basal sauropodomorpha: historical and recent phylogenetic developments.
     In: The Northern North Atlantic: A Changing Environment. P.R. Schafer, & W. Schluter (Ed.), Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 365–410 (2000).
     J.E. Smolen, and L.A. Boxer. Functions of Europhiles. In: Hematology, 4th ed. W.J. Williams., E. Butler and M.A. Litchman (Ed.), McGraw Hill, New York, USA, pp. 103–101 (1991).
  4. Reports
     M.D. Sobsey, and F.K. Pfaender. Evaluation of the H2S method for Detection of Fecal Contamination of Drinking Water, Report WHO/SDE/WSH/02.08, Water Sanitation and Health Programme, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland (2002).
  5. Online References
     These should specify the full URL for reference and give the date on which it was consulted. Please check again to confirm that the work you are citing is still accessible:
     L. Branston. SENSPOL: Sensors for Monitoring Water Pollution from Contaminated Land, Landfills and Sediment (2000). http://www.cranfield.ac.uk/biotech/senspol/ (accessed 22 July 2005)

• Figures should appear in numerical order, be described in the body of the text, and be positioned close to where they are first cited. Each figure should have a caption that describes the illustration, and that can be understood independently of the main text (Caption Table 1. and Fig 1. font size 10; Bold; Captions should be in sentence case;
  left-aligned). All Figures should have sufficiently high resolution (minimum 1000 pixels width/height, or a resolution of 300 dpi or higher) to enhance the readability. Figures may be printed in two sizes: column width of 8.0 cm or page width of 16.5 cm; number them as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, ... in the order of citation in the text. Parts in a figure can be identified by A, B, C, D, .... and cited as Figure 2A, Figure 2B, Figure 2C. Captions to Figures must be concise but self-explanatory.
• Laser printed line drawings are acceptable. Do not use lettering smaller than 9 points or
  unnecessarily large. Photographs must be of high quality. A scale bar should be provided on all photomicrographs.
• Tables: with concise but self-explanatory headings must be numbered according to the order of citation (like Table 1., Table 2.). Do not abbreviate the word "Table" to "Tab.". Round off data to the nearest three significant digits. Provide essential explanatory footnotes, with superscript letters or symbols keyed to the data. Do not use vertical or
  horizontal lines, except for separating column heads from the data and at end of the Table. (Font size 10; max 250 words)