The 21st century is envisioned as an era of Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology. Remarkable achievements have been made in the field of science in general, and life sciences in particular, during recent decades. The industrial biotechnology is one of the promising fields that have the potential to address some of the world’s greatest challenges, such as feeding a growing population and offering new alternatives to our scarce natural resources. Although there is a long way to go, if industrial biotechnology reaches its full potential it has the potential to impact the world.